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Universal Converter

propane

liquid gas

DESNZ 'Propane'. LPG is a propane/butane mixture, so its figures sit between the two pure gases — check which one you mean. EIA US cross-check: 5.75 kg CO2/gal, 91,452 Btu/gal, 62.88 kg CO2/MMBtu (2022 vintage) — never averaged with DESNZ.

Easily confused with

Different products with different numbers. Check you are on the right one.

  • LPG 529.749 kg/m³ 1.55713 kgCO₂e/L
  • butane 575.374 kg/m³ 1.74533 kgCO₂e/L

Density

514.933 kg/m³

at liquid phase (pressurised)

Heating values

LHV/NCV
  • 46.4 MJ/kg
  • 6.637 kWh/L
HHV/GCV
  • 50.4 MJ/kg
  • 7.209 kWh/L
Source for all values above

Emission factors

CO₂ ≠ CO₂e — separate metrics, never converted into one another. What these metrics mean →

Worked example: 1 L propane converted to every unit
Open in converter →
Converting
1 L · propane

At a glance

All results

Energy

Same energy expressed in other units.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
source-based every figure below
23.89 MJ
6.637 kWh
0.02389 GJ
22,650 BTU

Gross calorific value · HHV/GCV

source-based every figure below
25.95 MJ
7.209 kWh
0.02595 GJ
24,600 BTU

Mass

0.5149 kg
source-based

Volume

exact every figure below
1,000 mL
1 L
0.001 m³
~0.264172 US gal
~0.219969 imp gal
~0.00628981 bbl

Emissions

CO₂ and CO₂e are separate — never derived from each other.

region + year every figure below
~1.54 kg CO₂
~1.54 kg CO₂e

Energy density

Energy per unit of mass or volume.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?
source-based every figure below
46.4 MJ/kg
6.637 kWh/L

Assumptions

  • density: assumed propane density 514.933 kg/m³ at liquid phase (pressurised)
  • heating value basis: energy on LHV/NCV basis, 6.637 kWh/L
  • heating value basis: energy on HHV/GCV basis, 7.209 kWh/L

Sources

Follow each source back to its primary document — that traceability is the point. How conversions work →

Sources

Learn more

HHV/GCV vs LHV/NCV Higher heating value counts the heat of condensing water vapour; lower heating value does not. The gap can be 5–20%.CO₂ vs CO₂e CO₂ is only carbon dioxide; CO₂e bundles other greenhouse gases by their warming potential. There is no conversion between them.