wood

solid biomass

DESNZ 2025 Wood Logs. Scope-1 CO2e (CH4+N2O only; biogenic CO2 netted to zero) is a separate factor from the biogenic combustion CO2 (reported 'outside of scopes'). IPCC 2006 Wood/Wood Waste NCV 15.6 MJ/kg (range 7.9–31.0), raw combustion CO2 112,000 kg/TJ (before biogenic accounting) — NOT directly comparable to the DESNZ split.

Wood energy content depends strongly on species and MOISTURE content — a fresh/green log holds far less usable energy than seasoned wood. Treat the figure as a representative value.
Biogenic CO2 from wood combustion is reported on a SEPARATE line ('outside of scopes'), not folded into the Scope-1 total — it is not silently zeroed.

Density

425 kg/m³

at stacked/bulk, as sold

UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Heating values

LHV/NCV

14.71 MJ/kg

HHV/GCV

16.256 MJ/kg

Source for all values above

UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Emission factors

CO₂e 0.04698508 kgCO₂e/kg

Scope 1 (direct) · UK · 2025
- UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)
biogenic CO₂ 1.43623 kgCO₂/kg

outside the scopes (biogenic, reported separately) · UK · 2025
- UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Metric	Value	Scope	Region / year	Source
CO₂e	0.04698508 kgCO₂e/kg	Scope 1 (direct)	UK · 2025	UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)
biogenic CO₂	1.43623 kgCO₂/kg	outside the scopes (biogenic, reported separately)	UK · 2025	UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

CO₂ ≠ CO₂e — separate metrics, never converted into one another.Biogenic CO₂ is listed on its own line: the carbon still leaves the stack, but it is accounted for separately from fossil CO₂ rather than added to it. What these metrics mean →

Worked example: 1 kg wood converted to every unit

Open in converter →

Converting

1 kg · wood

At a glance

Energy · LHV 4.086 kWh source-based
Volume 2.353 L source-based
CO₂ ~1.44 kg CO₂ region + year
CO₂e ~0.047 kg CO₂e region + year

All results

Energy

Same energy expressed in other units.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?

source-based every figure below

14.71 MJ

4.086 kWh

0.01471 GJ

13,940 BTU

Gross calorific value · HHV/GCV

source-based every figure below

16.26 MJ

4.516 kWh

0.01626 GJ

15,410 BTU

Mass

exact every figure below

1,000,000 mg

1,000 g

1 kg

0.001 t

~2.20462 lb

Volume

2.353 L

source-based

Emissions

CO₂ and CO₂e are separate — never derived from each other.

region + year every figure below

~0.047 kg CO₂e

~1.44 kg CO₂

Energy density

Energy per unit of mass or volume.

Net calorific value · LHV/NCV

LHV vs. HHV — what is the difference?

14.71 MJ/kg

source-based

Assumptions

density: assumed wood density 425 kg/m³ at stacked/bulk, as sold
heating value basis: energy on LHV/NCV basis, 14.71 MJ/kg
heating value basis: energy on HHV/GCV basis, 16.256 MJ/kg

Sources

UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Follow each source back to its primary document — that traceability is the point. How conversions work →

Sources

UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)

Learn more

HHV/GCV vs LHV/NCV Higher heating value counts the heat of condensing water vapour; lower heating value does not. The gap can be 5–20%.CO₂ vs CO₂e CO₂ is only carbon dioxide; CO₂e bundles other greenhouse gases by their warming potential. There is no conversion between them.Why fuel conversions are approximate Density, calorific value and emission factors are material properties that vary — so fuel results are sourced estimates, not constants.